NCl3 Lewis Structure in 6 Steps (With Images)

So you have seen the above image by now, right?

Let me explain the above image in short.

NCl3 lewis structure has a Nitrogen atom (N) at the center which is surrounded by three Chlorine atoms (Cl). There are 3 single bonds between the Nitrogen atom (N) and each Chlorine atom (Cl). There is 1 lone pair on the Nitrogen atom (N) and 3 lone pairs on all three Chlorine atoms (Cl).

If you haven’t understood anything from the above image of NCl3 lewis structure, then just stick with me and you will get the detailed step by step explanation on drawing a lewis structure of NCl3.

So let’s move to the steps of drawing the lewis structure of NCl3.

Steps of drawing NCl3 lewis structure

Step 1: Find the total valence electrons in NCl3 molecule

In order to find the total valence electrons in NCl3 molecule, first of all you should know the valence electrons present in the nitrogen atom as well as chlorine atom.
(Valence electrons are the electrons that are present in the outermost orbit of any atom.)

Here, I’ll tell you how you can easily find the valence electrons of nitrogen as well as chlorine using a periodic table.

Total valence electrons in NCl3 molecule

→ Valence electrons given by nitrogen atom:

Nitrogen is a group 15 element on the periodic table. ^[1] Hence the valence electrons present in nitrogen is 5.

You can see the 5 valence electrons present in the nitrogen atom as shown in the above image.

→ Valence electrons given by chlorine atom:

Chlorine is group 17 element on the periodic table. ^[1] Hence the valence electrons present in chlorine is 7.

You can see the 7 valence electrons present in the chlorine atom as shown in the above image.

Hence, 

Total valence electrons in NCl3 molecule = valence electrons given by 1 nitrogen atom + valence electrons given by 3 chlorine atoms = 5 + 7(3) = 26.

Step 2: Select the central atom

For selecting the center atom, you have to remember that the atom which is less electronegative remains at the center.

Now here the given molecule is NCl3 (nitrogen trichloride) and it contains nitrogen atom (N) and chlorine atoms (Cl).

You can see the electronegativity values of nitrogen atom (N) and chlorine atom (Cl) in the above periodic table.

If we compare the electronegativity values of nitrogen (N) and chlorine (Cl) then the nitrogen atom is less electronegative.

So here the nitrogen atom (N) is the center atom and the chlorine atoms (Cl) are the outside atoms.

Step 3: Connect each atoms by putting an electron pair between them

Now in the NCl3 molecule, you have to put the electron pairs between the nitrogen atom (N) and chlorine atoms (Cl).

This indicates that the nitrogen (N) and chlorine (Cl) are chemically bonded with each other in a NCl3 molecule.

Step 4: Make the outer atoms stable. Place the remaining valence electrons pair on the central atom.

Now in this step, you have to check the stability of the outer atoms.

Here in the sketch of NCl3 molecule, you can see that the outer atoms are chlorine atoms.

These outer chlorine atoms are forming an octet and hence they are stable.

Also, in step 1 we have calculated the total number of valence electrons present in the NCl3 molecule.

The NCl3 molecule has a total 26 valence electrons and out of these, only 24 valence electrons are used in the above sketch.

So the number of electrons which are left = 26 – 24 = 2.

You have to put these 2 electrons on the central nitrogen atom in the above sketch of NCl3 molecule.

Now let’s proceed to the next step.

Step 5: Check the octet on the central atom

In this step, you have to check whether the central nitrogen atom (N) is stable or not.

In order to check the stability of the central nitrogen (N) atom, we have to check whether it is forming an octet or not.

You can see from the above picture that the nitrogen atom is forming an octet. That means it has 8 electrons.

And hence the central nitrogen atom is stable.

Now let’s proceed to the final step to check whether the lewis structure of NCl3 is stable or not.

Step 6: Check the stability of lewis structure

Now you have come to the final step in which you have to check the stability of lewis structure of NCl3.

The stability of lewis structure can be checked by using a concept of formal charge.

In short, now you have to find the formal charge on nitrogen (N) atom as well as chlorine (Cl) atoms present in the NCl3 molecule.

For calculating the formal charge, you have to use the following formula;

Formal charge = Valence electrons – (Bonding electrons)/2 – Nonbonding electrons

You can see the number of bonding electrons and nonbonding electrons for each atom of NCl3 molecule in the image given below.

For Nitrogen (N) atom:
Valence electrons = 5 (because nitrogen is in group 15)
Bonding electrons = 6
Nonbonding electrons = 2

For Chlorine (Cl) atom:
Valence electrons = 7 (because chlorine is in group 17)
Bonding electrons = 2
Nonbonding electrons = 6

Formal charge	=	Valence electrons	–	(Bonding electrons)/2	–	Nonbonding electrons
N	=	5	–	6/2	–	2	=	0
Cl	=	7	–	2/2	–	6	=	0

From the above calculations of formal charge, you can see that the nitrogen (N) atom as well as chlorine (Cl) atom has a “zero” formal charge.

This indicates that the above lewis structure of NCl3 is stable and there is no further change in the above structure of NCl3.

In the above lewis dot structure of NCl3, you can also represent each bonding electron pair (:) as a single bond (|). By doing so, you will get the following lewis structure of NCl3.

I hope you have completely understood all the above steps.

For more practice and better understanding, you can try other lewis structures listed below.

Try (or at least See) these lewis structures for better understanding:

BrF3 lewis structure	SF2 lewis structure
IF5 lewis structure	HNO3 lewis structure
SCN- lewis structure	ClF3 lewis structure